In modern applications, where does the business logic and workflows primarily occur?

In modern applications, the backend is primarily where the business logic and workflows occur. The backend is responsible for handling data processing, database interactions, and the execution of business rules that guide how data is created, updated, and retrieved. This layer is typically built using server-side programming languages and frameworks, which allows it to process requests from the frontend, manage application states, and ensure that data flows correctly throughout the system according to the defined business logic.

The backend acts as the core engine of an application, orchestrating the communication between the database, the server, and the client-side components. It manages server, application, and database interactions, enforcing rules, calculations, and workflows necessary for the application to function correctly. By centralizing this logic in the backend, developers can ensure that the application remains scalable, secure, and maintainable, allowing changes to the business logic without requiring modifications to the user interface.

While the frontend handles user interactions and presents information, and middleware functions as an intermediary layer facilitating communication between different systems or services, it's the backend where the primary business logic resides and is executed. This is vital for applications that require complex data processing and workflows. Cloud services, while they can host backend infrastructure, still rely on the backend components to implement the