How does MongoDB represent relationships between data?

MongoDB represents relationships between data by allowing embedded documents or references, making it highly flexible in how data is structured. This capability enables developers to choose the best approach based on their specific requirements.

Embedded documents allow for storing related data within a single document, which can simplify retrieval because all related information is contained within one entity. This is particularly beneficial for one-to-few relationships and scenarios where data is frequently accessed together.

On the other hand, references enable linking between different documents, which is useful for handling one-to-many relationships or when data size needs to be managed more effectively by avoiding data duplication. By combining these two methods, MongoDB offers a versatile approach to modeling relationships without enforcing a rigid structure, accommodating a range of application needs.

The other methods listed, such as using foreign keys or strict schemas, are characteristic of traditional relational databases and do not capture the flexibility that MongoDB provides in managing relationships within documents. Thus, the correct choice emphasizes MongoDB's dual capability of utilizing both embedded documents and references for effective data relationships.